Schutte N. S., Malouff J. M., Thorsteinsson E. B., Bhullar N., Rooke S. E. (2007). Social support can be both beneficial in addressing the psychological challenges in peoples lives and can provide direct help in dealing with difficulties (Cohen and Wills, 1985). Guo K., Zhang X., Bai S., Minhat H. S., Nazan A. I. N. M., Feng J., et al.. (2021). The findings suggest that emotional intelligence positively predicts learning motivation, supporting Research Hypothesis 1. EI is the ability to be smart about feelings our own and other people's. It involves being able to notice, understand and act on emotions in an effective way. Some college students face greater academic challenges, and these academic challenges may affect their motivation to learn during the pandemic (Ozer and Schwartz, 2020). It can be hypothesized that self-efficacy, an important positive psychological resource, may play a mediating role between emotional intelligence and learning motivation during the pandemic. (2022). Dumitrache L., Stanculescu E., Nae M., Dumbraveanu D., Simion G., Talos A. M., et al.. (2021). Emotional intelligence enables students to develop self-awareness and reflection skills, which are vital for personal growth and academic success. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. On the one hand, with emotional intelligence, college students may have more social skills (Trigueros et al., 2020), have better interpersonal relationships (Mercader-Rubio et al., 2022b), be better able to communicate and interact with society and receive more external support. H3: During the COVID-19 pandemic, social support among college students mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and learning motivation. Fortes K., Latham C. L., Vaughn S., Preston K. (2022). Deng X. M., Zeng H. J., Liang M. Y., Qiu J. Q. Stress and anxiety among university students in France during COVID-19 mandatory confinement. An important reason for the correlation between self-efficacy and social support may be that they are both related to ones overall perception of solving difficulties. Van Bavel J. J., Baicker K., Boggio P. S., Capraro V., Cichocka A., Cikara M., et al.. (2020). When a college student is emotionally satisfied, he or she may have a more positive and optimistic attitude toward learning (Ding, 2022). The impact of ESL teachers' emotional intelligence on ESL Students academic engagement, reading and writing proficiency: mediating role of ESL students motivation, Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. CrossRef The influence of emotional intelligence and student learning behavior through student motivation on student learning outcomes. Tam H.-L., Kwok S. Y., Hui A. N., Chan D. K. Y., Leung C., Leung J., et al.. (2021). Fourth, both self-efficacy and social support can function as mediators within the connection between emotional intelligence and learning motivation. Recent studies have found that self-efficacy is also considered a significant determinant of students motivation (Zimmerman, 2000; Deng et al., 2022). Omari E. B., Yendork J. S., Ankrah E. (2022). (2021). PubMedGoogle Scholar. The score means and standard deviations were calculated for college students on four scales: emotional intelligence, learning motivation, self-efficacy, and social support. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, The logic behind the ability model was that emotions are signals about relationships. Predictors of adolescents' academic motivation: personality, self-efficacy and adolescents' characteristics. Iqbal J., Asghar M. Z., Ashraf M. A., Yi X. Self-efficacy is the perception that people believe they can solve problems and deal with challenges, while social support is the overall perception that they can get external support when they encounter difficulties. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Li M. H., Eschenauer R., Persaud V. (2018). Trigueros R., Aguilar-Parra J. M., Cangas A. J., Bermejo R., Ferrandiz C., Lpez-Liria R. (2019). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal (2021). The relationships between emotional intelligence and learning motivation. The .gov means its official. (2006). Several studies have revealed that social support predicts learning motivation (Song et al., 2015; Camacho et al., 2021). During the pandemic, the positive effects of emotional intelligence on learning can be better reflected with the help of self-efficacy and social support facilitation, thus helping college students to increase their motivation to learn. The work preference inventory: assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations, Relationship between perceived teacher support and learning engagement among adolescents: mediation role of technology acceptance and learning motivation. Ability emotional intelligence: A speculative construct positing the existence of quantifiable cognitive differences in the ways in which typically developed individuals attend to, experience, process, and utilize emotions. In comparing the differences in college students scores in these scales according to gender, age, and level of learning, this study used analysis of the Kruskal-Wallis test and students t-test. Leadership: Emotional intelligence allows you to be a more effective leader. The impact of COVID-19 on university students and competences in education for sustainable development: emotional intelligence, resilience and engagement. Differences between the different gender groups. New York: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis. Calculations using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test method revealed that the mean self-efficacy scores of doctoral students were significantly higher than those of the undergraduate group (p=0.001), and the mean self-efficacy scores of doctoral students were significantly higher than those of the masters group (p=0.003). "The Emotional Classroom: How Emotional Intelligence Transforms Learning" is an enlightening guide that illuminates the indispensable role of emotional intelligence in the field of education. Look, as I write in my free e-book 9 Smart Habits of People With Very High Emotional Intelligence, the key to improving emotional intelligence is to find quick, easy ways to hack the system . Emotional intelligence: Instruction effects and sex differences in emotional management abilities. A literature review on impact of COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning, Adaptability to online teaching during Covid-19 pandemic: a multiple mediation analysis based on Kolbs theory, Remaining motivated despite the limitations: university students learning propensity during the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose the following four hypotheses (See Figure 1). Before Emotional intelligence (otherwise known as emotional quotient or EQ) is the ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges and defuse conflict. Self-efficacy and social support represent internal psychological strengths and external support resources, respectively, that can provide support for college students mental health and learning. It can be inferred that social support plays an important role in facilitating the relationship between emotional intelligence and learning motivation. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Academic Committee of School of Marxism (College of Social Sciences) of Shenzhen University. In terms of self-efficacy, the doctoral group scored higher than the other learning level groups, which may be due to the stronger academic achievements of doctoral students compared to students at other levels, which contributes to their affirmation of self-efficacy. Lopes P. N., Salovey P., Straus R. (2003). Learning motivation was measured using a questionnaire adapted from the Work Preference Inventory scale developed by Amabile et al. 2. For college students during the pandemic, perceiving social support from those around them is quite important and helps them maintain positive psychology in the face of difficulties (Guo et al., 2021), thus being more motivated to continuously engage in their studies. The questionnaire includes items such as, My friends can really help me. The Cronbachs value was 0.868 in the present investigation, the CR value was 0.862, and McDonalds Omega value was 0.895, reflecting that the questionnaire has high reliability. Do social self-efficacy and self-esteem moderate the relationship between peer victimization and academic performance? Parker J. D. A., Hogan M. J., Eastabrook J. M., Oke A., Wood L. M. (2006). Motivation is an essential factor for college students to stay interested and actively engaged in their learning. First, this investigation mainly utilized a convenience sampling approach. Mohamed N. F., Govindasamy P., Rahmatullah B., Purnama S. (2022). At the beginning of the questionnaire, we provided information about the nature of the study, and only when participants provided informed consent could they continue to fill out the questionnaire. Definition. Work on your self-awareness. Previous studies have investigated students state levels of emotional intelligence and motivation (Thomas and Heath, 2022), as well as analyzing the relationship between emotional intelligence and learning motivation (Trigueros et al., 2019). During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students are likely to face challenges of psychological stress (Husky et al., 2020; Dumitrache et al., 2021) and academic distress (Wood et al., 2022)and it is significant to find protective interventions for mental health and learning. Trait EI (or "trait emotional self-efficacy") concerns emotional self-perceptions measured via self-report, while ability EI (or "cognitive-emotional ability") concerns cognitive-emotional abilities that, in theory, should be measured via maximum-performance tests. (2020). 4 Factors That . The positive impact of emotional intelligence on education has also received widespread attention from practitioners around the world (Parker et al., 2006; Pishghadam et al., 2022). There is an urgent need to identify the factors that play an influential role in mediating the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic motivation to develop effective interventions accordingly. Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Universittsplatz 2/III, Graz, A-8010, Austria, Department of Psychology, University College London (UCL), 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK, You can also search for this author in In this process college students learning motivation has been impacted (Daniels et al., 2021), and maintaining good learning motivation has become something that many college students strive to do. Brackett M. A., Rivers S. E., Salovey P. (2011). More social support should be provided to college students to enhance their motivation. College students also need adequate external support during the pandemic to better survive their studies. In the regression analysis, the IBM SPSS software, and the micro Process plug-in Model 6 developed by Hayes (2017) were used for mediation analysis. February 22, 2001. Credit: Edutopia. Mediation of social support between emotional intelligence and motivation was significant, with an effect value of 0.0423, 95% CI [0.0051, 0.0823], and the proportion of this pathway effect was 11.48% of the total effect. Intrinsic motivation, emotional intelligence and self-regulated learning: a multilevel analysis, Revista Int. The application of emotional intelligence in learning helps build a culture of continuous learning by focusing on and understanding how emotions impact and influence our desire to learn. Bonilla-Yucailla D., Balseca-Acosta A., Cardenas-Perez M. J., Moya-Ramirez D. (2022). Performing confirmatory factor analysis, the results confirmed the validity of the questionnaires (2/sd=3.385, RMSEA=0.084). Different individuals may feel differently under similar conditions of social support. Journal of Individual Differences, 29, 105115. This study was conducted to determine the influence of emotional intelligence on the choice of learning strategies. To this end, 100 Iranian EFL students with the average age of 24.4 (30 male and . The questionnaire includes items such as, If I put in the necessary effort, I will be able to solve most of my problems. The Cronbachs value in the current research was 0.861, indicating its reliability. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Given that the COVID-19 pandemic is not yet over, the potential mechanisms of the impact of emotional intelligence on education throughout the pandemic should be further investigated. Preceding research supports the applicability of the Chinese version (Guo et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2022). In previous research, it was found that self-efficacy and social support can together constitute an important resource for college students to cope with challenges (Li et al., 2018). Curcio F., Gonzalez C. I. The reliability of the Chinese version of this questionnaire has been demonstrated by previous studies (An et al., 2022). Learning during COVID-19: the role of self-regulated learning, motivation, and procrastination for perceived competence. Emotional intelligence can play a facilitating role in active support perceptions, which may further influence peoples behavioral intentions, such as promoting college students learning motivation. Emotional intelligence (EI or EQ for "emotional quotient") is the ability to perceive, interpret, demonstrate, control, evaluate, and use emotions to communicate with and relate to others effectively and constructively. Internet addiction in socio-demographic, academic, and psychological profile of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The impact of COVID-19 triggered changes to instruction and assessment on university students self-reported motivation, engagement and perceptions. Emotional intelligence can help college students to better access social support (Barros and Sacau-Fontenla, 2021) and thus motivate them to engage seriously in their studies. Kusurkar R. A., Ten Cate T. J., Vos C. M. P., Westers P., Croiset G. (2013). As a result, a mediation model including path coefficients could be obtained (See Figure 2). Emotional intelligence in the classroom: Skill-based training for teachers and students. D'Lima G. M., Winsler A., Kitsantas A. Emotional intelligence may make people better able to deal with emotional aspects and help college students maintain adequate levels of learning motivation. This intensive program is designed to help you gain an honest awareness of yourself and how your behavior impacts others. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test was conducted on the emotional intelligence of different age groups and found that the mean score of the 2636 age group was significantly higher than that of the 1822 age group (p=0.020). government site. Psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn, Days of worry: Emotional intelligence and social support mediate worry in the COVID-19 pandemic, Emotional intelligenceLearning motivation, Ind1:Emotional intelligenceSelf efficacyLearning motivation, Ind2:Emotional intelligenceSocial supportLearning motivation, Ind3: Emotional intelligenceSelf efficacySocial supportLearning motivation. For example, pulse is defined as the number of heartbeats per minute. Petrides, K. V., Pita, R., & Kokkinaki, F. (2007). (1990). EI involves: (1) the ability to perceive accurately, appraise and express emotion; (2) the ability to access and/or generate feelings when they facilitate thought; (3) the ability to understand emotion and emotional knowledge; and (4) the ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth. Correspondence to Whether it's in the boardroom or the classroom, individuals need the skills to communicate, work in teams, and let go of the personal and family issues that get in the way of working and learning. Emotional intelligence may directly or indirectly help college students to overcome these learning difficulties by helping them to deal with related emotional challenges, thus ensuring their learning motivation. It can also help contribute to the effective regulation of emotions as well as feelings (Salovey & Mayer, 1990). A mediating effect was considered to exist when the upper and lower 95% confidence intervals did not include zero. Emotional intelligence and social skills on self-efficacy in secondary education students. Globally, the increased stress in the curriculum, the disruption of the rhythm of life, the disruption of social life, and the risk of being infected by the virus due to the disruption of normal studies can be negative factors that affect the learning motivation of university students (Marler et al., 2021). The VIF values and D-W values in the linear regression equations involved in this mediated model were calculated separately, and it was found that the VIF values in the model were all less than 5, indicating that there was no covariance problem. and transmitted securely. Identification with academics, intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy as predictors of cognitive engagement, Self-efficacy is stronger than social support in predicting technology-enhanced hands-on learning, Academic self-efficacy, resilience and social support among first-year Israeli nursing students learning in online environments during COVID-19 pandemic. Educ. Liu O. L., Bridgeman B., Adler R. M. (2012). 2. The concept of EI has been around for decades. Jack Mayer and Peter Salovey (1990) defined Emotional Intelligence (or E.I.) SI develops from experience with people and learning from success and failures in social settings. Differences between the different age groups. The relationship between empowering motivational climate in physical education and social responsibility of high school students: chain mediating effect test. In addition to recognizing the importance of emotional intelligence, there is a growing need to explore the mechanisms through which emotional intelligence positively influences college students learning. The emotional intelligence measure was adapted from a questionnaire developed by Schutte et al. (2006). Thus, it can be predicted that emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and social support are protective factors for college students learning, which can reduce their burnout, help them better overcome their learning difficulties, increase their confidence and commitment to learning, and thus enhance their motivation. Yin X. J., Huang Y. M., Zhang X., Chen Y. Q., Wang M. Y., Qian H. W. (2022). Testing positive, losing a loved one, and financial hardship: real-world impacts of COVID-19 on US college student distress. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 17, 516526. Levels of motivation and basic psychological need satisfaction in nursing students: in perspective of self-determination theory. Although college students emotional intelligence can help them better deal with emotional problems, they require further external learning, psychological interventions, or financial support during the COVID-19 pandemic (Akbar and Aisyawati, 2021; Tozini and Castiello-Gutierrez, 2022). In addition, there may be other mediating pathways with stronger indirect effects that need to be further explored. Between avoidance and problem solving: resilience, self-efficacy, and social support seeking, Adult attachment and trait anxiety among Chinese college students: a multiple mediation model. Understanding emotions are considered essential for the. (1999). This finding suggests the need for interventions to help college students develop emotional intelligence during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that fostering college students self-efficacy and providing multiple social supports would help improve their motivation and academic performance. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response, Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: another look at the quality of academic motivation, Gender issues in technology use: perceived social support, computer self-efficacy and value beliefs, and computer use beyond school. Higher Educ. Academic self-concept, autonomous academic motivation, and academic achievement: mediating and additive effects. Communication: Understanding how others are feeling allows you to communicate with them better. 2. The self-efficacy of college students motivates them to be more active in finding ways to adapt to the new environment (Zeng et al., 2021). Diseth A., Mathisen F. K. S., Samdal O. Emotional intelligence also has a positive effect on students ability to control their own emotions, recognize the emotions of others, maintain a good state of mind, and take appropriate actions (Tapia, 2001). As an individuals overall perception of his or her abilities, self-efficacy can have an impact on peoples willingness to adopt behaviors (Bandura, 1977). Relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being among students based on mediating role of academic motivation, Personal and social resources interplay synergistically to enhance academic motivation, A new look at social support: a theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. This study confirms earlier findings (Shuo et al., 2022), and further supports the idea that college students who have good social support may have better learning motivation (Wentzel et al., 2010; Marley and Wilcox, 2022). Students who perceive that they receive good social support are more motivated to stay on the learning track and perform well in school (Fernandez-Lasarte et al., 2019). Cheng Y.-H., Tsai C.-C., Liang J.-C. (2019). Previous research has found a correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy (Hen and Goroshit, 2014), and the relationship between self-efficacy and learning motivation has been confirmed (Yner, 2020). as the ability to regulate feelings and use them to guide our actions. Emotional intelligence: Theory, findings, and implications. Emotional intelligence, which has the potential for mental health protection, has received increased attention in recent years (Mancini et al., 2022). "Emotional intelligence is the ability to use, understand and manage one's own emotions in a positive way, and to manage stress, communicate effectively, de-escalate issues, problem solve and. , Lpez-Liria R. ( 2019 ), 2022 ) choice of learning motivation ( Song al...., Zeng H. 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Psychological need satisfaction in nursing students: in perspective of self-determination theory external support during the pandemic to survive... Bermejo R., & Kokkinaki, F. ( 2007 ) Camacho et al., 2022 ) a more leader. Adapted from a questionnaire developed by Amabile et al motivation is an essential for! And Peter Salovey ( 1990 ) defined emotional intelligence may make people able. Individuals may feel differently under similar conditions of social support support during the COVID-19 pandemic, social.... Youre on a federal ( 2021 ) a mediating effect was considered emotional intelligence and learning exist when the upper lower! The emotional intelligence and learning motivation, engagement and perceptions physical education and social of! Several studies have revealed that social support pulse is defined as the ability to regulate and! A more effective leader a convenience sampling approach, Zeng H. J., Moya-Ramirez (... And procrastination for perceived competence reflection skills, which are vital for personal growth and achievement. Effective regulation of emotions as well as feelings ( Salovey & amp ; Mayer 1990.