In addition, languages very close to Sanskrit which are also spoken in regions adjacent to Kashmir, showing only that the Sanskritic-Avestan homeland would at least include Kashmir. ", The Avesta doesn't refer to him as ukra because that name is reserved as an epithet for Ahura Mazda, who is invoked as, "athra sukhra Mazda"[220] (Kavi Uana has many titles. It is the modern-day Muztag (7,282m) because the Mahabharata identifies Meru as being between the Malyavat and Gandhamadana.[186]. Certainly, cypress tress exist in Kashmir, and the local species is known as Cupressus cashmeriana. Mills, tr. The Dareja is the lower Jhelum from which stretches from Hairbal Ki Galli to Muzaffarabad to join the other part of the Jhelum that stretches Mangla Reservoir to Muzaffarabad. He had visions of many Vedic Mantras and brought them to this earthly world. Traditional Ahrimanism as taught by the Dakhma of Angra Mainyu, is a stand alone religious practice. Angiras or Angira (Sanskrit: / gir, pronounced [i:]) was a Vedic rishi (sage) of Hinduism. "That this Magian language was Zend is surely no forced hypothesis, since from those Brahmins seated in Bactria, we long after find Zoroaster bringing the same religious system and employing their Zend terms for it: a fact which no one can deny." Then according to the Valmiki Ramayana, Ravana had invaded Rastla where lived Varuna, his sons, Nagas, and Daityas. [158] In the 1079 CE century, Sultan Ibrahim the Ghaznavid had attacked a community of Mazdaens at Dehra (probably Dehra Dun.) "[58] Max Muller, William Jones[59] and Nathaniel Brassey Halhed[60] put forward this viewpoint. 'Spitama' itself has the Vedic Sanskrit attribute of containing 'tama', like the gotra patronyms of Gautama, Asvattama, Padmottama, Ratnottama, and Girghtama(s), as well as the titles of hiranya-vasi-mat-tama, rathi-tama, ratna-dha-tama, and sasvat-tama. Mt. In Kashmiri literature the term Spanda has been used more frequently than everywhere else, even producing 2 scriptures called the Spanda Sutras and Spanda-niraya. Learn Test Match Created by tiara_battle7 Terms in this set (29) Zoroastrianism provides a solution to the so-called "problem of evil" by teaching that ultimately order and goodness will win out over chaos and evil Zoroastrianism teaches that reality is divisible into two realms: Spirit and thought / matter and physicality. O Kshatriya, the verses that were recited by Atharvan to a conclave of great sages, in days of old, are known by the name of Chhandas. Angra Mainyu ( / r manju /; Avestan: Ara Mainiiu) is the Avestan name of Zoroastrianism 's hypostasis of the "destructive/evil spirit" and the main adversary in Zoroastrianism either of the Spenta Mainyu, the "holy/creative spirits/mentality", or directly of Ahura Mazda, the highest deity of Zoroastrianism. The cow is very sacred in Zoroastrianism - the most sacred of all animals. Jabr. The Avesta mentions Four Waters, which are four rivers of paradise. Sarasvati flowed from Hardikun Glacier (West Harhwal Bandarpanch Masif) and took its coarse into the Indian Ocean. This village is very close to the Urni Jabbar mountain, it is in Khag tehsil in the Badgam district. [105] Daityas have been mentioned in Hindu Epics as staunch Asuras. As the title Zarathustra has many variations, such as 'Zartust' and 'Zardost', the Sanskrit equivalent of his title is 'Haritustra Svitma'. "[37], The fact that Bhargavas are, like their subgroup Angirasas and the Athravans, also descendants of Vasiha is established in Puranas. [202], Both Mazdaens and Hindus use plants in their worship. "Aryana Vaeja has been placed in Media by inhabitants of Persia and Media. In the Dadestan-i-Menog-i-Khrad[185], the location of Kangdez is described as "Kangdez is entrusted with the eastern quarter, near to Satavayes on the frontier of Airan-vego." In Ferdowsi's epic Shahnameh, Kangdez is named as Gangdez. As the names are almost identical they are the same mountain. ), Taking the "test of fire" is an allegory in both Mazdayasna and Hinduism for proving one's innocence through penances. 'Dai' is still used by Kashmiris to refer as god.[1][2][3]. The neighboring nations which speak Sanskrit-like languages are the Kalashi, Shina, Gawar Bati, Dameli, Pashayi, Kohistani, Palula and Nuristani. In Mazdayasna, Asha Vahita is a divine lawgiver[43] and guardian of the Asha. The Bauddh Vessantara Jtaka gives this description of ascetics: "looking like a Brahman with his matted hair and garment of animal skin with his hook and sacrificial ladle, sleeping on the ground and reverencing the sacred fire". Hence, when the kingdom of lower Media took on the name Atropatene, it's Persian-equivalent name also began being used, and in the predominant Turkic language there it became known as Azerbaijan. Cochrane]. [104] The connection between the Diti River of Mazdaen scriptures and the patriarch Diti of Hindu scriptures has been observed by James Hewitt. [240], Hindu astrological similarities to that of Mazdaen texts translated by Theophilus have been noticed by Pengree who believe this was likely because Hindu Brhadyatra and other works by Varahamihira were translated into Persian, which were the ones Theophilus had read.[241]. Vasiha would have been a popular gotra in Kashmir especially because a major ashram of his was here, Vngath[48]. Gunavarman was a prince of Kashmir but was missionary for much of his life and became the royal adviser to the kings of East China, Java, and Sri Lanka in the 4th century CE. Glory and power, these are two. Oh Ganga, Yamuna, Sarasvati, Shutudri, Parushni, follow my praise! Some Mazdaen scriptures refer to rebirth as tanasokh. - Al-Biruni[124], "If India were the original home of Indo-Europeans, it must also be the birth place of Zarathushtra. [147] Their names appear in the prayers of that scripture. [28] Vitahavya also says that the Atharvans have brought Agni from the "dark-ones" (i.e., nights. In modern times Mazdaen scholars have inquired more into the idea of incarnations, and some have written of Zarathustra himself to have been one of an angel. . It is also mentioned in Buddhist texts as Ushiraddhaja and Ushira-giri, and as Ushinara-giri in the Kathasaritsagara. ), Uana is also given importance because he descends from Angiras. The Avesta declares that Zarathustra was an Athravan. There are similarities noticed by scholars such as Subhash Kak and Zubin Mehta which are described by them between Mazdaen practices of Kashmiri Hindus. This infers that Indians in Ariana had political influences. While among Hindus, the tilak marks applied on the forehead are commonly known, it is also a custom that some Zoroastrians have followed from their scriptures, which they call hanoz. Meat is also not eaten for three days after a relative passes away. Buddha is used here because it means that Ahura Mazda and his religion are perfect, as Buddhahood is the state of perfection. In it are verses that are identical to ones within the Zhand Avesta, except the dialect of the Avesta is in Avestan. The Chhandas, O best of men, become the means of obtaining. In the 9th chapter of the of the Vendidad of the Avesta, the purification power of cow urine is dilated upon. Finally in the last age, a godly figure arises and vanquishes the most evil people of the world. According to Zoroastrian teachings, Angra Mainyu is the architect of evil, the anti-God principle, who represents evil, untruth, arrogance and death and subjects people to torment once they come under his influence. Hara's most sacred peaks are known as Us-Hindava (Pahlevi: Usindam) and the Hukairya (Pahlevi: Hugar.) The Pedak-miyan, which is the river Katru-miyan, is that which is in Kangdez. According to the records of the war between Alexander of Macedonia and Achaemenid Empires Satrap Barsaentes, the latter escaped to the 'Indians' in eastern Arachosia, from where he received a new military battalion of 'Mountaineer Indians' . Zarathustra's surname 'Spitama' comes from his ancestor Spiti. [69], That deva carries positive connotations is seen in Gth 17.4 Yasna 53.4 wherein Ahura Mazda is said to be a "devaav ahuraaha. The Gathas (/ t z,-t z /) are 17 Avestan hymns traditionally believed to have been composed by the prophet Zarathushtra (Zoroaster).They form the core of the Zoroastrian liturgy (the Yasna).They are arranged in five different modes or metres. [275] Urine of the bull, called "nirang" is brought to the house of an orthodox Parsi every morning and is applied to the face, hands and feet like the cow's milk.[276]. We sacrifice unto Asha-Vahita and unto Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda. In Zoroastrianism, the messianic figure is Shaosyant,[254] while in Hinduism it is Klki. Both Mazdaens and Hindus refer to religion as 'Law'; 'Daena' for Mazdaens and 'Dharma' for Hindus. 'Farhangsar' is from a transmigration from a human body to another human body, 'nangsar' is from human to animal, and 'tangsar' is from human to plant. but unlike followers of Christian denominations, they do not believe in eternal damnation. [221] Manu Smriti establishes a Kavi as a descendant of Angiras. But this is only a transferwhich has nothing primitive and has only originated in consequence of the real site being forgotten. It is done by Yoganavita of Hindus and Navjot of Mazdaens. The river Datya comes from Eran Vez and goes to Subdastan. There are four days in a month where all Mazdaens, even the non-vegetarians are expected not to eat meat in a practice called parhezi which means abstinence. The great Tejas he got by birth had multiplied infinitely by his penance. Sataves' fluvial properties are also elaborated when Bundahishn and Vendidad Fargard[180] state that Sataves controls the tides of Vouru-Kasha. Antar Kanga is the chief mountain on which Kangdez bases its name, and is the largest mountain in the Gangdise, Mt. Apart from the Mt. Some scholars also note that there is a connection between Bhargava Ri and Zoroastrianism, as the Atharva Veda portion composed by him is known as Bhargava Upastha and the latter word is the Sanskrit version of the term 'Avesta'. [33] Angira is a son of Varuna, as are Bhargava and Vasiha. Gayomard is mentioned in the Gathic Avesta[279]and in the Pahlavi Denkard[280] the study of his sacrifice is given. It is in the boundary between the Karakoram and the Himalayas. [151] Changragacha's name bares similarity to a placename, 'Chandrabhga'. Balkh was known to have a Brahmans within the court of its king as well. And I announce and complete (my Yasna) to all those who are the thirty and three lords of the ritual order, which, coming the nearest, are around about Hvani, and which (as in their festivals) were inculcated by Ahura Mazda, and were promulgated by Zarathustra, as the lords of Asha Vahita, who is Righteousness the Best. The name 'Zarathustra' means Golden buffalo, which is because the animals involved in sacrifices to Varuna were usually buffaloes[215] (at least metaphorically.) Hinduism is the world's fourth-largest religion and is made up of about 900 million followers. [75], "The Avesta is nearer the Veda than the Veda to its own epic Sanskrit." Whether castes in any Mazdaen society, apart from the Brahman one (Athravan), existed or not is certain. [156] Even Buddhist scriptures mention the great charnal fields near Simhapura in Kashmir wherein corpses were fed to wild animals for disposal. The Avesta is also known as the Zhand Avesta. Sangelaji in his Eslam va Mousiqi writes that the Ghollat class of religious scholars from Iran believed in reincarnation. The Avesta mentions 'Anu-varshte danyai'[87], meaning "religion of Anu-land." What confuses historians and archaeologists is that if the Sarasvati River is in the Indian Subcontinent, then why Haetumant (modern Helmand or Arachosia region) was referred to as 'Harauvatish', which is etymologically a derivative of Sarasvati. Many a year I have lived with them; I shall now accept Indra and abjure the Father Varuna, along with his fire and his soma (haoma) has retreated. Angra Mainyu (alt: Ara Mainiuu) is the Avestan-language name of Zoroastrianism's hypostasis of the "destructive spirit". [146] Kashmiri Brahmans are known synonymously as Kashmiri Pandits or simply as 'Pandits' (Scholars) and Anquetil du Perron believes that the Mazdaen scripture the Dhup Nihang mentions Mazdaen Pandits. [148] Interestingly enough, the word 'Dastur' is used in Kashmiri to mean custom. [61], "Zend is a Brahmin language." The author of the Manimekalai writes of exposure of the corpse to be devoured by vultures and jackals as 1 of 5 decomposition methods. Zardasht is said to have planted, under auspicious circumstances, two cypress-tress, one in Kashmir and the other in Farumad-tus, and the Majusi (Magi) believe that he brought the cypress from paradise when he planted it in those places. There are customs that are typically unique to the Mazdaens, but were practiced in India. The Avesta[286] reads that there were ten forms of Verethraghna, whose equivalent Sanskrit name is 'Vritrahana', which appeared to Zarathustra, similar to the ten major forms:[287]. The Vendidad is called in Pahlevi the Zhand-I Jvit Dev Dat. Though it doesn't dive into details about the yazata, it usually mentions him together with Mithra. Further, Aristoboulos, when visiting Taxila,[154] had stated that the dead were "thrown out to be devoured by vultures. [191] It is known as Mt. To her did Yoista, one of the Fryanas, offer up a sacrifice with a hundred horses, a thousand oxen, ten thousand lambs on the Pedvaepa of the Rangha. It is known that both Vedic Sanskrit and the Zhand Avestan languages were very close. OKLAHOMA CITY, April 4, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- The Dakhma of Angra Mainyu is presenting an educational experience to the public. Kailash. Three affluents of the Ranh are named in the Yashts; Aodhas[192], Sanaka[193], and Gaudha[194]. In the RV, Angirasas were called "Sons of Heaven, Heroes of the Asura. Religions come in . There is a general academic consensus that Hapta Hindava, Hapta Hindu, or Hapta Hendu were names that Mazdaean scriptures used for most of the northwestern region of India south of the Indus' Arjikiya (Haro River.) let not that spell be shown to any one. "[139], Also identified in the Mazdaen scriptures are people such as Yima (Yama) and Manushchihr (Manu),[140] who have traditionally been strongly associated with Kashmir. See also Hinduism. [258] This means that the knowledge of reincarnation was passed down to the Ghollats by the early Mazdaens. In the Khordeh Avesta he is given 101 names, including Varuna. Some Mazdaean temples have Bahman Ameshaspand winged-bulls at temple entrances just as many Hindu temples have Nandi (or Vasava) bulls at entrances. In the 3rd century BCE it was Asoka who had it under his dominion, and in the 8th century CE, it was Kashmiri king Lalitaditya Muktapida that had suzerainty over it. Apart from Zarathustra and his family, the first community of adherents was founded by King Vishtaspa[129] Interestingly enough, the king converts[130] after recognizing Zarathustra's holyness, when the prophet healed his paralyzed horse[131] just like the Sant Kabir and Sant Namdev [132] brought back a cow to life to earn the faith of kings. This is why Mazdaean scriptures show that King Vishtaspa's court was already familiar with the Indian Brahman adviser Changragach who was teacher to minister Jamaspa, even before Zarathustra's arrival to Balkh. Kangrinboqe Feng (6,656m) in Tibet, north of Mt. Zarathustra wrote in his Gths, "dane paouruyae dae ahura! Meru at its center. Shrikant G. Talageri[78] and T. Lloyd Stanley[79] were proponents of this Kashmiri Airyanem Vaeja viewpoint. The Daitik river (Datya) rises in Airan-vej and flows through Kohistan. Normally they contain 15 syllables known in Sanskrit as Gayatri asuri) like hymns of the Rig Veda, or Ushnih asuri such as in the Gth Vohu Khshathrem[74] or of 11 syllables in the Pankti asuri form, such as in the Ustavaiti Gtha. O Rishi, you left your home without a cause. This view point was supported by "Zend language was at least a dialect of the Sanskrit. Why Zarathustra's teachings are called Zhand Avesta, Identification of Avestan sacred places in Kashmir, Corresponding festivals of Mazdaens and Kashmiri Hindus, Why Zarathustra wore knotted-hair and a turban, Humans born from sacrifice of a super being, Immortality of souls and souls of animals, Days of the week relating to gods and planets, Yasht 33.6; Zaotar means fire-priest and its Vedic Sanskrit equivalent is, Mount Ushidaran, where he lived on a diet of plants, P. 202 The Sacred Books of the East, Volume 23 edited by Friedrich Max Mller, Within the 14th Manavatara 1 of the Saptaris will be ", Zhand Avesta Yasna 1.4, 2.4, 3.6, 4.9, 6.3, 7.6, 17.3, 22.6, 59.3, 62.3, etc; P. 41. There are other villages and towns bearing 'Rai' in their names. There are 4 ages according to Zoroastrianism[253], much like Hinduism's 4 yugas, with the first being the most righteous of times in both religions and then as the ages succeed, they become worse than the preceding age. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Mazdaean scriptures mention the Gaokerna tree of immortality, which is the same as the Hindu Gokarna. Turkish historian Al-Biruni writes that he cannot locate Kangdez and that both Yamakoti and Tara are cities there. It is definitely not hard to imagine Brahmans in an Afghan king's court as there have been throughout history, and even during Zarathustra's time he converted at least 2 other Brahmans of the court, Changragach and Byas. Even the Nilamata Purana declares that Varuna "knows the man who merely bathes in the Vitasta."[110]. As Zarathustra was a Brahman, he was familiar with the Vedas and wrote Vedic verses to be revered. Mazdaens are in most temples required to remove their footwear because the temple is very sacred and because of its sanctity it is not to be contaminated with either spiritual or material filth. Ahura Mazda has many names. Eventually, a Huiti (Artisan) class came to be recognized. Also, the Avesta speaks of the Aravand River, which is another name for Aredvi Sura, and it is the Avestan translated name of Amaravati River, Sarasvati's other name. The significance of the Jawalaji Bhagvati temple is that it is contains the same self-burning flame mentioned as "Samvartaka" in the Vayu Purana. Because the passage mentions Eran-vej, the Yama's var, and Inner Kashmir in that consecutive order it aligns with the sequence of Outer Kashmir or Kamraj, Central Kashmir or Yima's vat, and Maraj or Inner Kashmir. Sraosha of the Avesta is Bhasa (Bhaspati) of the Vedas who was the son of Angiras[40], so Sraosha is also of the category of Angras mentioned in the Avesta. Kangdez's name is related to Kangha mentioned in the Avestan Yasht 5.54, the Aban (Aredvi Sura) Yasht. Sumeru's) outside is the Iron Wall, which measures 3,602,625 miles. Both of them obtained high positions within King Vishtaspa's court. The presence of Indian Brahmans in various places, including neighboring ones, such as Gandhara and Balkh, was recorded in ancient times; Edict 13 of the 14 'Rock Edicts of King Asoka' reads, "There is no country, except among the Greeks, where these two groups, Brahmans and ascetics are not found and there is no country where people are not devoted to one or another religion" Along the ancient Silk Route the Kashmiri gateway is at Kunjerab Pass and the Balkhan gateways on the pathway are Balkh and Shahrisabz. In Mazdaen scriptures too, Athravans with black hair are praised. While the Rig Veda directly calls gods out as Asuras, it also indirectly refers to Varuna as an "Asura of heaven"[208], and latter verse heaven itself is called 'asura'[209]. Zoroastrians believe that an individual, called the "Saoshyant," will usher in this era and lead the battle against Angra Mainyu. It is then no surprise that we also find ukra Acharya or Kavi Uana, the Guru of the Asuras, being venerated as one of the most holy beings. This Mithra, the lord of the wide pastures, I have created as worthy of sacrifice, as I, Ahura Mazda, am myself. The composers of the Rehbar-i-Din-i-Zarthoshti (Dastur Erachjee Sorabjee Meherji Rana) and Dabistan (Mohsan Fani), believed this to be the Kashmir in India. "[205] - Arthur Lenormant. Today in Kashmir there are the 2 rivers Darga Burzil and Darga Rattu that merge to form the larger Astore River.[98]. Kohistan is also referred in the Pazhand transcription of the Bundahishn as Gurjistan. . Aravand, being Sarasvati, originates in Uttarakhand. [3] In some manuscripts of Atharvaveda, the text is attributed to "Atharvangirasah", which is a compound of sage Atharvan and Angira. There was "the Armenian Zoroaster, grandson of Zostrianus" ("Zostriani nepos"), who was the Pamphylian friend of Cyrus the Great. We sacrifice unto Mithra, the lord of wide pastures, .sleepless, and ever awake; I allow the good spirits who reside on this earth in the good animals to go and roam about free according to their pleasure. Other than crediting authorship, the Vedic texts mention sage Angiras in various roles such as a fire priest or a singer. Another fact is that not only has the flame burnt through a natural spring since time immemorable but in the historical Kashmiri festival of Haar Chaturdashi (Hara Chodah), the celebration on the 14th day of Haar month takes place there. Similarly, the Mazdaens celebrate Yalda as the birth of Mithra.[237]. Vaiha means the people of the lineage. Three are the names the ustra bears, Golden is one of them, he said. Of those eighteen principal rivers, distinct from the Arag river (Amu Darya) and Vh river (Indus), and the other rivers which flow out from them, I will mention the more famous: the Arag river, the Vh river, the Diglat river (Yarkhun) they call also again the Vh river, the Frt river, the Dtk river (Jhelum), the Dargm river, the Zndak river, the Har river, the Marv river, the Htmand river (Helmand), the Akhshir river, the Nvad river, the Zsmand river, the Khvegand river, the Balkh river (Balkhab), the Mehrv river they call the Hendv river (Indus), the Spd river, the Rad river which they call also the Koir, the Khvara river which they call also the Mesrgn, the Harhaz river, the Teremet river, the Khvanadis river, the Draga (Jhelum's stream Lower Jhelum) river, the Ksk river, the Sd ('shining') river Pd-meyan or Katru-meyan river of Mokarstn. Unlike followers of Christian denominations, they do not believe in eternal damnation Valmiki,! Hukairya ( Pahlevi: Hugar. 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